BS EN 60601-2-21-2009 医用电气设备.第2-21部分:辐射式婴儿保温器的基本安全性和必要性能的详细要求

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【英文标准名称】:Medicalelectricalequipment-Part2-21:Particularrequirementsforthebasicsafetyandessentialperformanceofinfantradiantwarmers
【原文标准名称】:医用电气设备.第2-21部分:辐射式婴儿保温器的基本安全性和必要性能的详细要求
【标准号】:BSEN60601-2-21-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2009-07-31
【实施或试行日期】:2009-07-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:婴儿;电气器具;电气工程;医用电气设备;电气保护设备;电气安全性;电医学;热辐射器;热辐射设备;恒温箱;婴儿保温箱;幼儿;检验;机械安全性;医疗设备;医学科学;医疗技术学;保护装置;辐射防护;安全性;安全工程;安全性要求;规范(验收);测试
【英文主题词】:Babies;Electricappliances;Electricalengineering;Electricalmedicalequipment;Electricalprotectionequipment;Electricalsafety;Electromedicine;Heatradiators;Heat-radiatingequipment;Incubators;Infantradiantwarmers;Infants;Inspection;Mechanicalsafety;Medicalequipment;Medicalsciences;Medicaltechnology;Protectivedevices;Radiationprotection;Safety;Safetyengineering;Safetyrequirements;Specification(approval);Testing
【摘要】:Clause1ofthegeneralstandardapplies,exceptasfollows:Replacement:ThisInternationalStandardappliestotheBASICSAFETYandESSENTIALPERFORMANCEofINFANTRADIANTWARMERSasdefinedin201.3.204,alsoreferredtoasMEEQUIPMENT.IfaclauseorsubclauseisspecificallyintendedtobeapplicabletoMEEQUIPMENTonly,ortoMESYSTEMSonly,thetitleandcontentofthatclauseorsubclausewillsayso.Ifthatisnotthecase,theclauseorsubclauseappliesbothtoMEEQUIPMENTandtoMESYSTEMS,asrelevant.HAZARDSinherentintheintendedphysiologicalfunctionofMEEQUIPMENTorMESYSTEMSwithinthescopeofthisstandardarenotcoveredbyspecificrequirementsinthisstandardexceptin7.2.13and8.4.1ofthegeneralstandard.ThisparticularstandardspecifiesthesafetyrequirementsforINFANTRADIANTWARMERS,butalternatemethodsofcompliancewithaspecificclause,bydemonstratingequivalentsafety,willnotbejudgedasnon-compliant,iftheMANUFACTURERhasdemonstratedinhisRISKMANAGEMENTFILEthattheRISKpresentedbytheHAZARDhasbeenfoundtobeofanacceptablelevelwhenweighedagainstthebenefitoftreatmentfromthedevice.Thisparticularstandarddoesnotapplyto:–devicessupplyingheatviaBLANKETS,PADSorMATTRESSESinmedicaluse;forinformationseeIEC80601-2-35;–INFANTINCUBATORS;forinformationseeIEC60601-2-19;–INFANTTRANSPORTINCUBATORS,forinformationseeIEC60601-2-20;–INFANTPHOTOTHERAPYEQUIPMENT,forinformationseeIEC60601-2-50.
【中国标准分类号】:C47
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_10
【页数】:42P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:Referencesystemofpolarizedlightmicroscopy
【原文标准名称】:偏光显微镜的参考系统
【标准号】:DIN58879-1975
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1975-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:偏振;旋转台;显微术
【英文主题词】:microscopy;polarization;polarization(wavephysics);rotarytables
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:N32
【国际标准分类号】:7070
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSplittingTensileStrengthforBrittleNuclearWasteForms
【原文标准名称】:易碎核废料模壳张裂强度试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1144-1989(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1989
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.07
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:抗拉试验;核技术;试验;放射性废料
【英文主题词】:nuclearscrapandwastematerials;tension(tensile)properties/tests-tensilestrength
【摘要】:Thesplittingtensile-strengthtestcanbeusedonlyonbrittlewastematerialssuchasceramics,glass,concrete,orothermaterialsthatalsohavetensilefracturestrengthsthatarelessthanonethirdofthecompressionstrengths.Thetestcannotbeusedformetal-matrix,bituminous,plastic,orcoated-particlewasteforms.Thestrengthvaluesderivedfromthistestcannotbeappliedtocompressive-stressimpactfailure.Theresultsapplyonlytotensile-stressfailure.Aseparatecompression-strengthtest,inwhichacylindricalspecimenisloadedontheflatsurfaces,isrequiredtodeterminecompressionstrengthalongthelinesofTestMethodsC39,D2938,andC773.Failurescausedbyimpactmustbedeterminedinaseparatetest.Thistestmethodisapplicableonlytobrittlesolidsbecausethesearetheonlymaterialsthatfailunderadefinablestressstateforthetestspecimengeometryandloading.Forinstance,extensivelocalshearingatorneartheloadingpointsthatwillalsooccurforplasticallydeformablesolids,suchasductilemetalsorviscouspolymers,willchangethestressdistributionsufficientlytoinvalidatetheelastic-stresscalculationusedtoobtainthetensilestressacrosstheverticalfractureplane.Ductilematerialswillnot,inmanycases,fractureinthetest.Theeffectofspecimensizeonthemeasuredstrengthofbrittlematerialsisnotdeterminedbythistestmethod.Insomematerials,suchasconcretes,heterogeneitiesmaybesolargethattestsonlargerspecimensaremorerepresentative.TestingalongthelinesofTestMethodC496maythenbeappropriatetomeasuresplittingtensilestrength.Thistestmethoddoesnotdeterminetheeffectsoftimeandenvironmentonstrength,nordoesitaddressfailureunderlong-durationstaticloading.Thistestmethodcanbeusedasaquality-controlcheckandforoptimizingwasteformprocessing.1.1Thistestmethodisusedtomeasurethestaticsplittingtensilestrengthofcylindricalspecimensofbrittlenuclearwasteforms.Itprovidessplittingtensile-strengthdatathatcanbeusedtocomparethestrengthofwasteformswhentestsaredoneononesizeofspecimen.1.2Thetestmethodisapplicabletoglass,ceramic,andconcretewasteformsthataresufficientlyhomogeneous(Note1)butnottocoated-particle,metal-matrix,bituminous,orplasticwasteforms,orconcreteswithlarge-scaleheterogeneities.Cementitiouswasteformswithheterogeneities>1to2mmand5mmcanbetestedusingthisprocedureprovidedthespecimensizeisincreasedfromthereferencesizeof12.7mmdiameterby6mmlength,to51mmdiameterby100mmlength,asrecommendedinTestMethodC496andPracticeC192.Note18212;Generally,thespecimenstructuralormicrostructuralheterogeneitiesmustbelessthanaboutone-tenththediameterofthespecimen.1.3Thistestmethodcanbeusedasaqualitycontrolcheckonbrittlewasteformsandmaybeusefulforoptimizingwasteformprocessing.Meaningfulcomparisonofwasteforms,however,requiresdataobtainedonspecimensofonesize.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.5Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazardstatements,seeSection7.
【中国标准分类号】:F75
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_30
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】: